What effect does hyperventilation have on the oxygen binding affinity of hemoglobin ?
(A) P50 and oxygen affinity decrease
(B) P 50 and oxygen affinity increase
(C) P 50 decreases and the oxygen affinity increases
(D) P50 increase and the oxygen affinity decreases
During the initial part of inspiration, which of the following does not occur ?
(A) Intrapulmonary pressure falls
(B) Intra thoracic pressure rises
(C) Intra-abdominal pressure rises
(D) The partial pressure of O2 in dead space rises
Cyanosis or bluish coloration of skin and mucus membrane depends upon______________?
(A) The relative proportion of reduced and oxygenated hemoglobin
(B) The absolute amount of reduced hemoglobin
(C) Thickness of the skin
(D) Fragility of capillaries
Limitation of inspiration by vagal lung inflation signals is called the______________?
(A) Autonomic reflex
(B) Bainbridge reflex
(C) Herring – Breur reflex
(D) Dynamic stretch reflex
GFR is increased when________________?
(A) Plasma oncotic pressure is increased
(B) Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is decreased
(C) Tubular hydrostatic pressure is increased
(D) Increased renal blood flow
Major portion of glomerular filtrate is absorbed in__________________?
(A) Loop of Henle
(B) Distal convoluted tubule
(C) Collecting duct
(D) Proximal segment
Proximal renal tubule is most permeable to _______________?
(A) Sodium
(B) Potassium
(C) Bicarbonate
(D) Ammonia
In renal glycosuria, the renal threshold for glucose is_______________?
(A) Low
(B) High
(C) Same
(D) Greatly increased
Two substances that can probably be used to determine filtration fraction are_______________?
(A) Inulin and mannitol
(B) Urea and diodrast
(C) PAH and Phenol red
(D) Inulin and PAH
Which one of the following is not responsible for concentration of urine in the kidneys______________?
(A) Aldosterone
(B) Angiotensin II
(C) Vasopressin
(D) Epinephrine